KEPASTIAN HUKUM ATAS PERJANJIAN ELEKTRONIK DALAM LAYANAN FINTECH

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam cara manusia melakukan transaksi, termasuk dalam sektor jasa keuangan berbasis teknologi (fintech). Perjanjian elektronik dan tanda tangan elektronik menjadi elemen penting yang mendasari keabsahan hubungan hukum antara penyedia layanan dan pengguna dalam ekosistem digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekuatan hukum dari perjanjian elektronik dan tanda tangan elektronik dalam layanan fintech di Indonesia, serta menelaah perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada konsumen. Melalui pendekatan normatif yuridis dan studi pustaka terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) dan perubahannya, serta regulasi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), ditemukan bahwa perjanjian elektronik memiliki kekuatan hukum yang setara dengan perjanjian tertulis konvensional sepanjang memenuhi syarat sahnya perjanjian. Tanda tangan elektronik pun diakui sah menurut Pasal 11 UU ITE, selama memenuhi prinsip otentikasi dan integritas. Dalam konteks perlindungan konsumen, OJK melalui Peraturan OJK (POJK) memberikan landasan hukum terhadap hak-hak konsumen fintech, termasuk transparansi informasi, kerahasiaan data pribadi, dan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa. Hasil kajian ini menegaskan pentingnya harmonisasi antara perkembangan teknologi dan sistem hukum agar tercipta keadilan dan kepastian hukum dalam layanan fintech. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi dan literasi digital guna mencegah penyalahgunaan teknologi yang merugikan konsumen.

The development of information and communication technology has significantly transformed the way people conduct transactions, particularly in the financial technology (fintech) sector. Electronic agreements and electronic signatures have become essential elements that underpin the legal validity of relationships between service providers and users within the digital ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the legal strength of electronic agreements and electronic signatures in fintech services in Indonesia, as well as to examine the legal protection granted to consumers. Using a normative juridical approach and literature review of relevant regulations such as Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law) and its amendments, along with regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the findings indicate that electronic agreements hold the same legal force as conventional written agreements, provided they meet the legal requirements of a valid contract. Electronic signatures are also recognized as legally valid under Article 11 of the ITE Law, as long as they meet the principles of authentication and integrity. In terms of consumer protection, the OJK regulations provide a legal foundation for consumers’ rights in fintech services, including transparency of information, confidentiality of personal data, and dispute resolution mechanisms. This study emphasizes the importance of harmonizing technological advancement with the legal system to ensure justice and legal certainty in fintech services. It recommends strengthening regulations and promoting digital literacy to prevent the misuse of technology that could harm consumers.