IUU FISHING SEBAGAI TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA: TANTANGAN YURISDIKSI DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM LAUT INTERNASIONAL

Abstrak

Indonesia Indonesia, negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia, adalah target utama IUU Fishing dan masalahnya jauh melampaui ikan yang dicuri. Jaringan ini terorganisir, lintas negara, dan berjalin dengan perdagangan manusia, pemalsuan dokumen, serta pencucian uang.

Penelitian yuridis normatif ini menemukan bahwa IUU fishing sebenarnya sudah memenuhi unsur kejahatan transnasional terorganisir dalam UNTOC 2000 tapi pengakuan formal itu belum ada, dan celah itulah yang terus dieksploitasi. Di dalam negeri, tumpang tindih kewenangan antara KKP, Bakamla, TNI AL, dan Polri memperlemah penegakan yang sudah ada.

Diperlukan pengakuan hukum internasional yang tegas atas crime in fishery sector dan kerja sama antarnegara yang konkret.

Indonesia loses an estimated USD 24–30 billion annually to IUU Fishing but stolen fish is only part of the story. These operations run through organized, cross-border networks tied to human trafficking, document forgery, and money laundering. Treating IUU fishing as a fisheries management problem, as international law largely still does, misses what it actually is.

This normative legal study finds that IUU fishing already meets the elements of transnational organized crime under UNTOC 2000 yet formal recognition has not followed, and that gap is actively exploited. Overlapping institutional mandates, weak surveillance, and corruption continue to blunt Indonesia's enforcement efforts. What is needed is an explicit international classification of crime in the fishery sector within the transnational organized crime regime, backed by real multilateral commitment.