ANALISIS PENERAPAN PRINSIP HUKUM FORMIL PERDATA DALAM SISTEM E-LITIGASI DI PENGADILAN AGAMA SUKABUMI

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi digital telah mendorong sistem peradilan Indonesia bertransformasi menuju sistem elektronik, termasuk dalam bidang hukum acara perdata melalui penerapan E-Litigasi. Sistem ini diharapkan dapat mewujudkan asas peradilan yang sederhana, cepat, dan biaya ringan sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sejauh mana prinsip-prinsip hukum formil perdata—seperti asas audi et alteram partem (hak untuk didengar), asas persidangan terbuka untuk umum, serta asas pembuktian yang sah dan bebas—dapat diterapkan secara optimal dalam sistem E-Litigasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan dukungan data empiris melalui observasi lapangan dan wawancara di Pengadilan Agama Sukabumi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan E-Litigasi membawa kemajuan signifikan dalam hal efisiensi waktu, transparansi administrasi, dan penghematan biaya perkara. Namun, sistem ini juga menimbulkan tantangan terhadap prinsip-prinsip hukum formil perdata klasik. Keterbatasan literasi digital dan infrastruktur teknologi menyebabkan asas audi et alteram partem serta asas keterbukaan persidangan tidak selalu dapat dijalankan secara ideal. Selain itu, keabsahan alat bukti elektronik masih menimbulkan perdebatan karena belum diatur secara komprehensif dalam hukum acara perdata. Dengan demikian, diperlukan harmonisasi antara kemajuan teknologi dan prinsip keadilan prosedural agar sistem peradilan elektronik tidak hanya efisien, tetapi juga menjamin perlindungan hak-hak para pencari keadilan secara substantif.

The development of digital technology has driven the Indonesian judicial system to transform towards an electronic system, including in the field of civil procedural law through the implementation of E-Litigation. This system is expected to realize the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice as mandated by Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power. This study aims to examine the extent to which the principles of formal civil law—such as the principle of audi et alteram partem (the right to be heard), the principle of open trials to the public, and the principle of valid and free evidence—can be optimally implemented in the E-Litigation system. The approach used is normative juridical supported by empirical data through field observations and interviews at the Sukabumi Religious Court. The results show that the implementation of E-Litigation brings significant progress in terms of time efficiency, administrative transparency, and savings in court costs. However, this system also poses challenges to the principles of classical formal civil law. Limited digital literacy and technological infrastructure mean that the principles of audi et alteram partem and the principle of open trials cannot always be implemented ideally. Furthermore, the validity of electronic evidence remains controversial because it is not yet comprehensively regulated in civil procedure law. Therefore, a balance between technological advancements and the principles of procedural justice is needed to ensure that the electronic justice system is not only efficient but also substantively protects the rights of those seeking justice.