IMPLEMENTASI SEPARATION OF POWER DALAM STRUKTUR KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji penerapan prinsip pembagian kekuasaan (separation of power) dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia setelah amandemen Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, dengan menilai tingkat efektivitas prinsip tersebut dalam menjaga keseimbangan dan saling kontrol antar lembaga negara. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari dominasi eksekutif pada masa pra-reformasi yang menimbulkan ketimpangan kekuasaan serta melemahkan prinsip supremasi hukum. Pengkajian ini menerapkan pola studi kepustakaan beserta pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu melalui penelaahan sistematis terhadap beragam sumber saintifik, seperti buku, jurnal hukum tata negara, serta peraturan perundang-undangan, untuk mengkaji dan memahami pola hubungan yang terbentuk antar cabang kekuasaan negara. Hasil analisis terhadap lima penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa konsep trias politica klasik telah berkembang menjadi model yang lebih kompleks dengan munculnya lembaga independen serta pembagian kewenangan vertikal antara pusat dan daerah. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia membentuk sintesis unik antara prinsip demokrasi modern dan nilai-nilai lokal-religius. Meskipun struktur checks and balances telah terbentuk secara konstitusional, efektivitasnya masih bergantung pada independensi lembaga dan konsistensi penerapan hukum. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Separation of Power di Indonesia merupakan proses dinamis menuju tata pemerintahan yang lebih demokratis, akuntabel, dan berkeadilan.

This study aims to examine the application of the principle of separation of powers in The Indonesian constitutional framework following the revision of the 1945 Constitution, by assessing the effectiveness of this principle in maintaining balance and mutual control between state institutions. The foundation for this research originates from the dominance of the executive branch during the pre-reform era, which led to an imbalance of power and weakened the principle of the rule of law. This study utilizesa literature review method with a qualitative approach, namely through systematic review of various scientific sources, such as books, constitutional law journals, and legislation, to examine and understand the patterns of relationships formed between the branches of state power. The results of the analysis of five previous studies show that the classical trias politica concept has evolved into a more complex model with the emergence of independent institutions and the upward distribution of power between the center and the regions. These findings confirm that the Indonesian constitutional system forms a unique synthesis between the principles of modern democracy and local-religious values. Although the structure of checks and balances has been constitutionally established, its effectiveness still depends on the independence of institutions and the consistent application of the law. This study concludes that the separation of powers in Indonesia is a dynamic process towards a more democratic, accountable, and effective system of government.