ANALISIS YURIDIS WANPRESTASI DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI ONLINE MENURUT KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PERDATA (STUDI KASUS PEMBELIAN MOTOR ONLINE)

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi digital telah mendorong meningkatnya transaksi jual beli online melalui media sosial. Namun, transaksi tersebut juga menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan hukum, khususnya wanprestasi dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian elektronik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk wanprestasi dalam transaksi jual beli online melalui media sosial serta akibat hukumnya berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka. Data diperoleh melalui penelaahan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang berkaitan dengan wanprestasi dan transaksi elektronik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian jual beli online tetap sah dan mengikat sepanjang memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Bentuk wanprestasi yang ditemukan meliputi tidak dipenuhinya prestasi, keterlambatan pemenuhan prestasi, dan ketidaksesuaian barang dengan perjanjian. Dalam kasus penjualan motor online melalui Facebook, penjual menerima pembayaran tetapi tidak menyerahkan barang kepada pembeli sehingga menimbulkan kerugian materiil. Berdasarkan Pasal 1243 KUHPerdata, pihak yang dirugikan berhak menuntut ganti rugi berupa biaya, kerugian, dan bunga. Selain itu, tindakan tersebut juga dapat dikategorikan sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum dan dikenakan ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.

The development of digital technology has led to an increase in online buying and selling transactions through social media platforms. However, these transactions also give rise to various legal issues, particularly breaches of contract in the implementation of electronic agreements. This study aims to analyze the forms of breach of contract in online buying and selling transactions conducted through social media and their legal consequences based on the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata). This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a literature study approach. The data were collected through the examination of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials related to breaches of contract and electronic transactions. The findings indicate that online sale and purchase agreements are legally valid and binding as long as they fulfill the legal requirements stipulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code. The forms of breach identified include failure to perform obligations, delayed performance, and discrepancies between the goods delivered and the agreement. In the case of an online motorcycle sale conducted through Facebook, the seller received payment but failed to deliver the motorcycle to the buyer, resulting in material losses. Pursuant to Article 1243 of the Indonesian Civil Code, the injured party is entitled to claim compensation in the form of costs, damages, and interest. Furthermore, such actions may also be classified as unlawful acts and subjected to the provisions of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law.