KRISIS PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA DI KAMBOJA: KAJIAN ATAS TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG DAN KETIMPANGAN REGULASI

Abstrak

Selama lima tahun terakhir, gelombang migrasi Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) ke kawasan Asia Tenggara terus meningkat, terutama ke Kamboja. Sayangnya, alih-alih menemukan penghidupan yang layak, tidak sedikit dari mereka yang malah terjebak dalam praktik kerja paksa, pemerasan, hingga kekerasan. Di tengah ketiadaan perjanjian resmi antara Indonesia dan Kamboja terkait penempatan tenaga kerja, mayoritas PMI ke negara tersebut berstatus ilegal. Tahun 2025 mencatat lonjakan angka korban, baik yang selamat maupun yang meninggal. Tulisan ini berupaya memotret fenomena tersebut berdasarkan data faktual, laporan lapangan, serta dinamika kebijakan hukum di tingkat nasional dan ASEAN.

Over the past five years, the migration wave of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) to Southeast Asia has steadily increased, with Cambodia emerging as a prominent destination. Unfortunately, many of these workers have fallen victim to forced labor, extortion, and abuse instead of finding decent employment. The absence of a formal labor agreement between Indonesia and Cambodia has rendered most of these workers undocumented and highly vulnerable to exploitation. In 2025 alone, the number of victims both rescued and deceased has surged dramatically. This paper aims to examine the situation through factual data, field reports, and the evolving legal and policy framework at both the national and ASEAN levels, highlighting the urgent need for stronger legal protections and cooperative efforts between both countries.