PERAN UNCLOS 1982 DI DALAM PENEGAKKAN HUKUM LAUT DI DAERAH PERAIRAN NEGARA INDONESIA
Kata Kunci:
UNCLOS 1982, Hukum Laut Internasional, Perairan IndonesiaAbstrak
Abstrak: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 merupakan instrumen hukum internasional yang menjadi dasar utama pengaturan hak dan kewajiban negara di wilayah lautnya, termasuk Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia. Artikel ini membahas peran UNCLOS 1982 dalam penegakan hukum laut di perairan Indonesia, khususnya dalam mengatur yurisdiksi negara pantai terhadap kapal asing yang melanggar, seperti kasus illegal fishing di Laut Natuna Utara. Implementasi UNCLOS 1982 memberikan kerangka hukum yang jelas bagi Indonesia untuk melakukan pengawasan, penangkapan, dan proses hukum terhadap pelanggaran di wilayah lautnya sesuai Pasal 73 UNCLOS. Penegakan hukum laut berdasarkan UNCLOS juga memperkuat kedaulatan maritim Indonesia dan menjaga stabilitas keamanan regional melalui koordinasi pengawasan dan patroli maritim. Studi ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan analisis kualitatif untuk mengkaji efektivitas UNCLOS dalam menghadapi tantangan penegakan hukum di laut Indonesia.
Abstract: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 is an international legal instrument that serves as the primary basis for regulating the rights and obligations of states in their maritime territories, including Indonesia as the world's largest archipelagic state. This article discusses the role of UNCLOS 1982 in enforcing maritime law in Indonesian waters, particularly in regulating the jurisdiction of coastal states over violating foreign vessels, such as cases of illegal fishing in the North Natuna Sea. The implementation of UNCLOS 1982 provides a clear legal framework for Indonesia to conduct surveillance, arrests, and legal proceedings against violations in its maritime territories in accordance with Article 73 of UNCLOS. Maritime law enforcement based on UNCLOS also strengthens Indonesia's maritime sovereignty and maintains regional security stability through coordinated maritime surveillance and patrols. This study uses normative juridical methods with qualitative analysis to assess the effectiveness of UNCLOS in addressing the challenges of law enforcement in Indonesian waters.
