PARTISIPASI POLITIK PEREMPUAN DALAM MUSYAWARAH DESA DI DESA KELAMBIR 5 KECAMATAN HAMPARAN PERAK KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis partisipasi politik perempuan dalam Musyawarah Desa (Musdes) dan Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan Desa (Musrenbangdes) di Desa Kelambir 5, Kecamatan Hamparan Perak, Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Fokus kajian mencakup bentuk keterlibatan perempuan (prosedural dan substantif), hambatan serta relasi kuasa lokal, dan akomodasi usulan perempuan dalam RKPDes dan APBDes. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur terhadap lima informan yang dipilih secara purposif, dilengkapi studi pustaka dan dokumentasi, serta dianalisis dengan model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran perempuan tinggi (sekitar 170 dari 200 undangan pada forum sosialisasi politik dan 3 dari 9 anggota BPD), tetapi pengundangan bersifat selektif menurut isu dan peran perangkat desa perempuan terpusat pada fungsi administratif. Perempuan menunjukkan keberanian politik informal ketika menuntut keadilan dalam penyaluran bantuan sosial, namun tidak ditemukan klientelisme terbuka berupa pertukaran dukungan suara. Usulan perempuan diakomodasi dengan baik pada bidang Posyandu, PKK, dan pelatihan keterampilan, tetapi perempuan lebih berperan sebagai pelaksana (implementer) daripada perencana (planner) anggaran. Keberlanjutan partisipasi substantif masih bergantung pada kemauan politik pemerintah desa karena belum ada Peraturan Desa tentang Penganggaran Responsif Gender.

This study analyzes women's political participation in Village Deliberation (Musdes) and Village Development Planning Deliberation (Musrenbangdes) in Kelambir 5 Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency. It examines the forms of women's involvement (procedural and substantive), the barriers and local power relations they face, and the extent to which women's proposals are accommodated in the Village Work Plan (RKPDes) and Village Budget (APBDes). A descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design was used. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with five purposively selected informants, supplemented by literature review and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings show that women's attendance is high (about 170 of 200 invitees at a political socialization forum, and 3 of 9 members of the Village Consultative Body), yet invitations are issued selectively according to the issue at hand, and female village officials are mostly confined to administrative tasks. Women display informal political agency when demanding fairness in social assistance distribution, although no open clientelism in the form of vote-for-aid exchange was found. Women's proposals are well accommodated in health posts (Posyandu), PKK activities, and skills training, but women act more as implementers than as budget planners. The sustainability of substantive participation still depends on the political will of village authorities because no village regulation on gender-responsive budgeting exists.